Islam Reading

In this day in age, there is much misunderstanding and controversy that surrounds the religion of Islam. From the beginning, this article starts off by describing the definition of Islam: Peace, Obedience, and Submission. The article then goes through the history in Arabia referencing groups such as Bedouins and the Sabians and kind of the journey they took to arrive at the point of acknowledging “Allah.” It talks about the Prophet’s struggles in Mecca and his migration to Medina and the eventual success that rose out of that. With the rise of Islamic legal and theological thought in the eighth century CE, a framework had to be created and that was one based on the Quran and the sunnah of the Prophet. The Quran states five basic constituents of faith, which include belief in God, in angels, in revealed books, in God’s messengers, and in the Last Day. The five pillars include reciting the ‘Kalima’ (statement declaring you are muslim), praying 5 times a day, fasting, paying alms to charity, and making a Hajj once in your life. Does not force people to convert. The article goes briefly into the split between Shiitie and Sunni and to my surprise touched on the Sufi’ a lot more than I expected it to. In regards to Nature, Islam believes that nature is autonomous but not autocratic since it did not bring itself into being, rather God did.

The Quran also provides the community with the instrument of Jihad, which is defined as a struggle in God’s cause, including peaceful means. Throughout the history of Islam, Muslims were known to be tolerant and humane to the people they conquered; there was no policy of converting non-Muslims to Islam. There is so much dispute today around the term ‘Jihad’ as holy war. According to this reading, it seems that Islam is a pretty peaceful religion. There are extremists in every religion. They commit acts everyday but these acts are just are not publicized as much. Why do you think that Muslim’s have been targeted by the media as the main religion of extremists? What is your opinion of the Islam-o-phobia that has plagued our nation, and do you have any suggestions on how Islam-o-phobia can be solved and tolerance can be created?

One noteworthy feature of the moral teaching of the Quran is although every prophet has initially come to his people and addressed them “in their tongue” (14:4), the import of all messages is universal. If you follow your own religion and do good deeds, you will still make it to heaven. Despite the identity of divine messages, moreover, the Quran asserts that on the Last Day every community will be judged by the standards of its own book and under the witness of its own prophet.

As parts of Islam are trying to modernize, a new phenomenon of international Islamic conferences in modern Islam is to be noted since there seems to be an absence of political unity in the Muslim world. The article quotes how “Islam is the name of a total way of life and does not merely regulate the individual’s private relationship with God.” Do you think all religions are like this?

John Haught and Making Sense of Evolution

Some of you might be interested in this...and there is free food:

Making Sense of Evolution:
Darwin, God and the Drama of Life.
A lecture by Dr. John F. Haught
(Georgetown University)
At The Catholic University of America

Caldwell Hall Happel Room
November 15th 6 pm
Reception to follow
Co-Sponsored by the GSA and STRSSA
To learn more about the GSA, please visit http://Graduatestudents.cua.edu

Judaism and its Environment

Fred Dobb’s review of Trees, Earth, and Torah: A Tu B’Shvat Anthology and Ecology & the Jewish Spirit, Where Nature & the Sacred Meet affirmed my beliefs in the ties Judaism has with the environment. Dobb summarizes many of the articles within the books and compares them to each other in hopes of better understanding the Jewish ecological beliefs. As a result, I began to question what I traditionally question in many of the religions I encounter: whether this faith’s traditions are the result of continuing culture or are the result of interpreting their sacred texts. On page 81, Dobb explains that “growing your own springtime barley gives new meaning to counting the Omer between Pesah and Shavuot.” My question is: If an act of faith (such as the one aforementioned) were to hypothetically damage the environment, would the religion be willing to sacrifice their tradition for the sake of God’s creation? Later on in his review, Dobb summarizes a translation of Pri Etz Hadar as nature is the result of God and fully proves God’s existence. If this is true, why isn’t the Jewish religion focusing almost entirely on preserving nature? On the other hand, this does not only apply to the Jewish religion. Why aren’t Christians devoting many of their acts of faith towards saving God’s creation? Most importantly, why can’t the religions of the world come together under the idea of protecting the sanctity of life and creation?

Interview Questions

Topic: The Roman Catholic View on Contraception and Abortion

Interviewees/ Contacts- Parish Staff 202.785.0982

Place of Worship/Name of Religious Organization: St. Stephen-Martyr Church

1. What is the Roman Catholic Church’s position on the use of contraception?

2. According to the Catholic Church, “the natural law/ purpose of sex is procreation”. What if a couple cannot support a child financially, emotionally, physically after marriage? Are they supposed to practice abstinence?

3. Why were these policies ever adopted? When did they become popular?

4. Are there laws found in scripture that prevents couples from using contraception?

5. How does the Church view a parishioner who uses contraception and/or received an abortion yet still considers themselves an active Catholic?

6. The Catholic Church takes a stance against abortion because they see it as an act of murder. If carrying out with the pregnancy has the potential to cause harm for the mother does the church change its stance? Is that to say they value the life of the unborn child more than that of the mother?

7. Do you think that the Catholic Church’s position on these two topics will ever change?

8. Does the Catholic Church recognize that the world is overpopulated or that some people are unfit to be parents?

9. How would a sect of the Roman Catholic religion go about changing the abortion and/or contraception policies?

10. In your opinion, how many practicing Catholic’s actually follow the policies that say: no pre-marital sex, no contraception, no abortion?

ELF

http://www.ask-force.org/web/Discourse/Leader-Earth-Liberation-Front-.pdf

This is the article that I found and chose to write about from Google Scholar. It is titled The Earth Liberation Front and Environmental Terrorism by Stefan H. Leader and Peter Probst. This article is very obviously biased against the ELF for multiple reasons. First of all, looking at the title alone you can tell that they regard the ELF as a terrorist movement. Second of all, in the article while they are describing what the ELF is, the authors use words such as 'radical' and 'leaderless resistance.' When talking about the history, they relate the origins of the 'leaderless resistance' that the ELF uses to the Ku Klux Klan. All in all throughout the article you can see how the article is trying to sway its reader to look at the ELF in a bad light.

Growing up, some of my best friends were environmentalists. I never really appreciated what they did, always wondering why people were so dedicated to protecting the environment. However, after watching this movie in class, I have an entirely newfound respect for environmentalists and what they do. Honestly, and this may just the young hot headed teen in me speaking out, but after seeing how these protesters used non-violent ways to protest and they were brutally harassed by the police, pepper sprayed and basically tortured, I understand their frustration with the government and their rational for wanting to burn things down. They are not harming human beings. The statistic shocked me that 95% of America's forests are already chopped down. These people are not radicals for wanting to protect the last 5%. Obviously burning down is probably not the correct answer... but I can sympathize with them because they are in a tough position and tried to take the peaceful route, which didn't work.

Judaism

Nature, to the Jewish faith, is a bit contradictory. On one hand, it is said that "Judaism does not take nature to be inherently sacred or worthy of veneration. In fact, such worship is precisely what the Bible considers to be idolatry." While on the other hand, the original founding agrarian Jews kept "proper treatment of the soil, animals and vegetation of the land of Israel in order to maintain Israel's religious ritual purity and moral integrity."

In favor of the Jews succeeding in properly integrating good care for the earth with religion, there is the argument of the nature based Jewish holiday of Sukkot. By living in a sukkah with no stable roof, the people were able to be more in touch with God. Since God, as proven in Genesis, created the earth and all its natural baggage, they are respecting nature by celebrating. However, as time moved on and economic systems changed as well as several politically destabilizing events for the Jews, they lost their agrarian roots (no pun intended) significantly in the 10th century when Islamic law began to impose and the Bourgeoise Revolution happened. Jew then became integral parts of merchant cultures and business. Agrarian roots were found again when the Jewish people, after much harassment, succeeded in their zionistic motives and returned to Israel. Due to much conflict once again even in the 19th and 20th centuries, it was difficult to make the desert bloom. Finally, it was achieved but by secular Israelis and not the fundamental Jews we associate with the holy land.

The World of Nature According to the Protestant Tradition

I found this chapter very interesting as the authors discuss the ideas and teachings of two prominent figures to Protestantism. Personally, I was unaware of their beliefs so reading about their views on nature were helpful in determining the effects of this religion on the environment. Both Luther and Calvin showed that they have some appreciation for nature but what stands out is that they feel that nature "is first and foremost an encounter with God's creation". In my own opinion, this takes away value from the beauty in nature that they are acknowledging. While Luther and Calvin both felt that nature had been cursed because of human sin, Calvin takes the idea of humanity's use of nature further. He has a clear anthropocentric view and promotes the idea of humans having an "active life". The authors also bring up the tradition of learning about God through nature. Again, this displays how as humans we are using nature instead of respecting it. In the final section of the chapter the ecological crisis of the 1970's is considered. The reader learns that during this time the blame began being directed at Christians. During this decade, philosopher's began to warn society of the dangers of these religious traditions. Today, many continue to write about of the growing importance of moving away from the anthropocentric society in order to save the earth before it is too late.